Charging Bull guerrilla installation

Arturo Di Modica installed the bronze Charging Bull without a permit as a guerrilla piece in Lower Manhattan on December 15, 1989; he created it as a symbol of American resilience after the 1987 stock market crash. The city removed it but later allowed the sculpture to be reinstalled at Bowling Green, where it remains a high-profile public artwork. The work has sparked ongoing debates about public space, commercial use, and preservation since its unexpected arrival.